chapter 1  ancient greece: fountainhead of western culture  1.1  homer's epics  1.2  the polis  1.3  religion  1.4  philosophy  1.5  classical philosophers  1.6  history  1.7  poetry and drama  1.8  the heritage of the greekschapter 2  ancient rome: pragmatic rationality  2.1  roman law  2.2  literature and art  2.3  the heritage of the romanschapter 3  the middle ages: duty of conscience  3.1  the rise of christianity  3.2  patristic writers  3.3  thomas aquinaschapter 4  the renaissance: human life in this world  4.1  the italian renaissance  4.2  the northern european renaissance  4.4  the heritage of the renaissancechapter 5  the reformation: split within western christendom  5.1  martin luther  5.2  john calvin  5.3  the heritage of the reformationchapter 6  scientific revolution: new conception of the universe  6.1  the rise of modern science  6.2  rationalism and empiricism  6.3  new political theory  6.4  the heritage of seventeenth-century culturechapter 7  the enlightenment: power of reason  7.1  the nature of the enlightenment  7.2  philosophy and theology  7.3  social criticism  7.4  emotion and unreason  7.5  the heritage of the enlightenmentchapter 8  the french revolution and the industrial revolution: political and economic transformation  8.1  the french revolution  8.2  the heritage of the french revolution  8.3  the industrial revolution  8.4  the impact of the industrial revolutionchapter 9  romanticism: fresh insight into human experience  9.1  the romantic movement  9.2  romantic literature  9.3  the romantic social and political thought  9.4  the heritage of romanticismchapter 10  socialism: faith in human progress  10.1  science and technology  10.2  social sciences  10.3  marxism  10.4  darwinism  10.5  the middle-class moral attitudes  10.6  the heritage of socialismchapter 11  psychoanalysis: discovering man's inner world  11.1  philosophy  11.2  social sciences  11.3  freudian psychology  11.4  natural sciences  11.5  the heritage of fin de siecle culturechapter 12  contemporary western world: seeking a meaningful existence  12.1  the legacy of war and revolution  12.2  natural sciences  12.3  social and behavioral sciences  12.4  philosophy and theology  12.5  the heritage of the twentieth centuryreferencesindex