Contents 目錄 Introduction 引言 vi Chapter 1: The Vowel Sounds 元音 1 Production of Vowels 元音的發(fā)音 1 The Main Vowel Sounds of American English 美式英語(yǔ)中的主要元音 3 /i/ as in meet /i/的發(fā)音（meet） 4 /?/ as in sit /?/的發(fā)音（sit） 4 /e?/ as in take /e?/的發(fā)音（take） 6 /?/ as in get /?/的發(fā)音（get） 7 /æ/ as in fat /æ/的發(fā)音（fat） 8 /ɑ/ as in father /ɑ/的發(fā)音（father） 9 /?/ as in fun /?/的發(fā)音（fun） 10 /?/as in saw /?/的發(fā)音（saw） 11 /o?/ as in boat /o?/的發(fā)音（boat） 13 /?/ as in good /?/的發(fā)音（good） 14 /u/ as in too /u/的發(fā)音（too） 14 /?r/ as in bird /?r/的發(fā)音（bird） 16 /a?/ as in time /a?/的發(fā)音（time） 16 /a?/ as in house /a?/的發(fā)音（house） 17 /??/ as in boy /??/的發(fā)音（boy） 18 Chapter 2: Vowels in Detail 元音的細(xì)節(jié) 19 Review of /?/ and /i/ Sounds 復(fù)習(xí)/?/和/i/ 19 Review of /?/ and /æ/ Sounds 復(fù)習(xí)/?/和/æ/ 20 Review of /?/, /ɑ/, /?/, and /o?/ Sounds 復(fù)習(xí)/?/、/ɑ/、/?/和/o?/ 21 The Problematic o 容易出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的o 22 Three Different Ways to Pronounce the Letter o 字母o的三種不同發(fā)音方法 25 Review of /æ/ versus /?/ 復(fù)習(xí)/æ/和/?/的區(qū)別 25 The American /?/ Sound /?/的美式發(fā)音 26 Review of /?/, /æ/, /ɑ/, /?/, /?/, and /o?/ 復(fù)習(xí)/?/、/æ/、/ɑ/、/?/、/?/和/o?/ 28 The Problematic /?/ Sound 容易出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的/?/ 29 Review of /?/ and /u/ Sounds 復(fù)習(xí)/?/和/u/ 30 /u/ versus /ju/ /u/和/ju/比較 30 Review of the /?r/ Sound 復(fù)習(xí)/?r/ 31 Vowels Followed by the /r/ Sound 元音后接/r/時(shí)的發(fā)音方法 32 Chapter 3: Consonants 輔音 33 Forming American Consonants 發(fā)出美式的輔音 33 Voiceless and Voiced Consonants 清輔音和濁輔音 34 Vowel Length and Voiced and Voiceless Consonants 元音長(zhǎng)度與濁輔音和清輔音 35 Stops and Continuants 塞音和連續(xù)音 37 Chapter 4: Problematic Consonants 容易出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的輔音 39 The Various t Sounds of American English 美式英語(yǔ)中t的各種發(fā)音 39 The “Fast d” Sound “快速d”的發(fā)音 43 The /t?r/ Sound: tr /t?r/的發(fā)音：tr 44 The /d?r/ Sound: dr /d?r/的發(fā)音：dr 44 The /d?/ Sound: du and d y /d?/的發(fā)音：du和d y 45 The /t?/ Sound: tu and t y /t?/的發(fā)音：tu和t y 45 Words Ending in -ed 以-ed結(jié)尾的單詞 46 The th Sound th的發(fā)音 49 The American /r/ 美式的/r/ 53 The American /l/ 美式的/l/ 56 Understanding /l/ versus /r/ 區(qū)分/l/和/r/的發(fā)音 58 The /v/ Sound /v/的發(fā)音 61 Understanding /b/ versus /v/ 區(qū)分/b/和/v/的發(fā)音 62 The /w/ Sound /w/的發(fā)音 63 Understanding /v/ versus /w/ 區(qū)分/v/和/w/的發(fā)音 64 The /s/ and /z/ Sounds /s/和/z/的發(fā)音 65 The /?/ Sound: Pronouncing ng /?/的發(fā)音：發(fā)ng音 68 Consonant Clusters 輔音連綴 70 Chapter 5: Syllable Stress 音節(jié)重音 73 Stressed and Reduced Vowels 元音的重讀和弱讀 73 Comparing Stressed and Reduced Vowels 比較元音重讀和弱讀 76 Dangers of Stressing the Wrong Syllable 音節(jié)重讀錯(cuò)誤的危害 78 General Rules for Stress Placement 音節(jié)重讀的一般規(guī)則 79 Reduced Vowels for Review 復(fù)習(xí)元音弱讀 86 Chapter 6: Word Stress 單詞重音 89 Compound Nouns 復(fù)合名詞 89 Proper Stress with Adjectives 形容詞的適當(dāng)重讀 91 Phrasal Verbs 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 93 Noun Forms of Phrasal Verbs 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的名詞形式 94 Abbreviations and Numbers 縮寫詞和數(shù)字 95 Names of Places and People 地名和人名 96 Word Stress Within a Sentence 句子中的單詞重音 96 Which Words Should I Stress? 應(yīng)該重讀哪個(gè)單詞？ 98 Reducing Vowels in Unstressed Words 非重讀單詞中的元音弱讀 101 Thought Groups and Focus Words 意群和焦點(diǎn)詞 106 Contrastive Stress 對(duì)比重音 107 Chapter 7: Intonation 語(yǔ)調(diào) 109 Falling Intonation 降調(diào) 109 Rising Intonation 升調(diào) 110 Non-final Intonation 非*終語(yǔ)調(diào) 111 Wavering Intonation 搖擺語(yǔ)調(diào) 113 Chapter 8: Sound Like a True Native Speaker 像母語(yǔ)者一樣發(fā)音 115 Linking: Connecting Words for Smoother Speech Flow 連讀：使語(yǔ)流更平滑 115 Rules for Linking 連讀的規(guī)則 116 Contractions 縮讀 125 Conditional Tense and Contractions 條件時(shí)態(tài)與縮讀 130 Casual versus Formal Speech 隨意講話與正式講話 132 Chapter 9: Memorizing the Exceptions 記住特例 135 Same Spelling, Different Pronunciation 拼寫相同，發(fā)音不同 136 Two Correct Pronunciations 兩種正確發(fā)音 137 Words with Dropped Syllables 省略音節(jié)的單詞 137 Words with Silent Letters 帶有不發(fā)音字母的單詞 138 Homophones 同音異義詞 139 Native Language Guide 母語(yǔ)指南 141 Chinese 中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)者 141 Index 索引 149